Pediatric Dry Eye Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
Pediatric dry eye syndrome (DES) is a condition that is often underdiagnosed in children due to the assumption that dry eye disease is predominantly an adult ailment. However, children can also suffer from this condition, and its impact on their vision and quality of life can be significant. This article offers an overview of pediatric dry eye syndrome including its causes and symptoms.
Causes of Pediatric Dry Eye Syndrome
Several factors can contribute to the development of dry eye syndrome in children:
- Environmental Factors: Exposure to dry climates, air conditioning, or prolonged screen time can reduce the tear film stability on the eye’s surface.
- Medical Conditions: Certain systemic diseases, such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or thyroid disorders, conjunctivitis and ocular allergies can predispose children to dry eye syndrome.
- Medications: Some medications, including antihistamines, antidepressants and acne treatments may reduce tear production.
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD): This condition involves the dysfunction of the glands that produce the oily layer of the tear film, leading to increased tear evaporation.
- Contact Lenses: Poor hygiene of contact lenses can contribute to dry eye symptoms.
- Genetic Factors: A family history of dry eye disease can also increase the likelihood of children developing the condition.
- Diet: Vitamin A deficiency, eating disorders and sometimes vegan or vegetarian diets and metabolic disorders can contribute to dry eye disorder.
Symptoms of Pediatric Dry Eye Syndrome
The symptoms of dry eye syndrome in children can be subtle and may not be mentioned by the child. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Eye Discomfort: Children may complain of a gritty or sandy feeling in their eyes.
- Redness: Persistent redness of the eyes can be a sign of inflammation caused by dry eye.
- Tearing: Excessive tearing can occur as a reflex response to dryness and irritation.
- Blurred Vision: Intermittent blurred vision, especially after reading or using digital devices, can be a symptom.
- Frequent Eye Rubbing: Children may rub their eyes frequently due to discomfort or itchiness.
- Difficulty Wearing Contact Lenses: Older children who wear contact lenses may experience discomfort or reduced wearing time.
Pediatric dry eye syndrome is a condition that requires attention and appropriate management to ensure the well-being and visual health of children. Regular eye check-ups and a proactive approach to eye health are essential in managing this condition. If you suspect your child has dry eye syndrome, make an appointment with us at Goldsboro Pediatrics for an initial evaluation.
Sources:
American Academy of Ophthalmology
Park Slope Eye
Medical News Today
Back to Archive