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Understanding and Managing Eczema in Children
Eczema is a group of skin conditions that cause inflammation, redness and intense itching. In some cases, small, fluid-filled bumps may develop, which can become moist and ooze when irritated. While eczema is not contagious, it often begins in childhood. According to the National Survey of Children’s Health, approximately 1 in 10 children in the U.S. develops eczema, affecting around 15 million Americans.
The most common type of eczema in infants and young children is atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as infantile eczema. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by an overactive immune response to environmental triggers. It affects about 13% of children under 18 in the United States.
Symptoms of Eczema in Children
Eczema symptoms vary by age and environmental exposure:
- Infants (2 to 6 months): Itchy, dry and red patches commonly appear on the cheeks, forehead and scalp. These rashes may spread to the arms, legs and torso, often becoming red, crusted or open sores.
- Toddlers and Older Children: As children grow, the rash becomes scaly, extremely dry and itchy. Flare-ups occur periodically and can affect areas such as the elbows, knees, hands and face.
What Triggers Eczema?
Eczema develops due to a combination of genetics and environmental factors, meaning there’s no guaranteed way to prevent it. However, avoiding common triggers can help reduce flare-ups. These include:
- Allergens: Pollen, mold, tobacco smoke, dust and pet dander
- Irritants: Harsh soaps, detergents, fragrances and certain fabrics (like wool)
- Weather Conditions: Dry air, heat, excessive humidity and sweating
- Bacteria and Viruses: Can make rashes worse and lead to infections
- Stress: Emotional stress can worsen itching and lead to scratching, which may further irritate the skin
Managing and Treating Eczema
Many children with eczema see improvement by ages 5 or 6, though some may continue to have flare-ups into adolescence and adulthood. Common treatments include:
- Moisturizers: Keeping the skin well-hydrated with fragrance-free creams or ointments
- Topical corticosteroids: Cortisone or steroid creams to reduce inflammation
- Antihistamines: To help relieve itching, especially at night
- Antibiotics: Used if a secondary infection develops from scratching
Keeping Eczema Under Control
While eczema can be frustrating, consistent skincare and trigger management can help reduce symptoms and prevent flare-ups.
- Give your child a bath (or shower) every day or every other day for 5-10 minutes in lukewarm water.
- Use only fragrance-free, hypoallergenic cleansers
- Dress your child in soft fabrics like 100% cotton
- Keep your child's nails cut short
- Wear cotton gloves at night can to avoid scratching
Older kids and teens with eczema may feel self-conscious and can develop anxiety and depression, particularly when it flares frequently or if it never completely heals. If your child is struggling with eczema, talk to your Goldsboro Pediatrics provider about the best treatment plan for his or her specific needs.
Sources:
American Academy of Dermatology
HealthyChildren
KidsHealth
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